Bokan is the largest city in the south of the West Azarbaijan province and the city center of Bukan. According to the results of the general census of population and housing in 1395, its urban population is 193, 501, and the city has a length of more than 12 square kilometers and is one of the flattest cities in the region. Bokan is considered to be a young city and a neo-frontier city in many cities of Iran tourism video. It was historically established in the Qajar and nineteenth centuries and is more than two centuries old.
Bokan is located in the south-central part of Urmia Lake, at an altitude of 1, 370 meters above sea level and in the mountainous region. It has temperate climate. The city is about 184, 204, 649 km from Urmia, Tabriz and Tehran respectively. Buchanan is divided into 3 municipal districts and more than 50 neighborhoods. The symbol of the city of Bokan is the castle of Sardar and the image of the ancient glazed bricks of the Hill of Hill. The geographical location of this city connects 13 provinces of northern and southern Iran and has a land line with Iraqi Kurdistan. Bokan is located on the border between Kurdistan Province and Azerbaijan, Iran.
Since the 1360s, Buccan has been a center for attracting a large number of immigrants from the northwest of Iran, and in particular the Kurdish regions. [13] At the time of Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, the Bokan population was only one hundred in 1852/1231 solar-powered by Azizhan-Makri. Until the Qajar period, there was no mention of Bukan in historical and geographical sources.
The people of Bukan are mostly Muslims and followers of Sunni Shafi'i religion. Shiites and a minority of followers of other religions also live in the city. The majority of Bukan residents are Kurds, and the language of conversation among the Bukan is Kurdish, with Sokhani dialect dialect. There are many traditions about the root of the city's name, the Kurdish people believe that the word "Bukan" comes from the two words "book", which means the word "bride" in the Kurdish language and "-an", which is the sign of the suffix.
In terms of tourism, the history of most of the monuments in the city dates back to the Qajar period and the contemporary era. One of the most important handicrafts of the city is carpet weaving and carpet, which Bukan carpet is world-famous and 85% of the carpet is produced abroad, and the rest is used inside Iran.
Name
Main article: The root name of the bookman
There are many theories about Bokan, and most researchers have suggested that this term is Kurdish.
Anwar Soltani, a researcher and author of Kurdish literature about the roots of the city's name in the analysis and scientific theory published, said:
The subject is the word "bag" or "bagg". Beg or Bagh, the god of ancient nations who lived before the advent of Zarathustra throughout India to the west of Iran. Iranian idiom, Ibrahim Purdavood, wrote in an article titled "Bagh": The word Bagh has been popular in our language since ancient times, and has been used in ancient Persian languages such as the Avestan and Persian languages, which can be found in the Gothic or Zoroastrian poetry, which is the oldest part of the Avesta Included. "Bag" means a lot of luck. In other parts of the Avesta, the "bag" is the same as God. Before the coming of Zarathustra, "Bagh" was the name of Allah, and the Zoroastrians named Ahura Mazda. In the same way, the oldest regional government that includes Bukan is the powerful Mana government. The Mana government was the first unified and powerful government in the western region of Iran, with strong economic and government power.
Accordingly, the name of this city was first "Beckan" or "Bagan", consisting of two parts: Bag or Back + The first part means God and the second part is the plural or place extension. Based on this theory, the city of Bukan with the correct pronunciation of the English Bukān means the city of "God the Begg" or the place of God. It is possible to confirm the logic of this analysis based on the phonetic changes of the letters that have been verified in the field of linguistics, and also with regard to the works of the inner city and its suburbs, which indicate the existence of sacred temples of that period.
In Rashidi's history, the name of Bokan was one of the Mongolian kings.
The people of Kurds believe that Bokan is derived from the two words "BOOK", which means Kurdish is the "bride" and "AN", which is the sign of the suffix.
In the dictionary of Dehkhoda and the Persian language of the Dean, Bukan Nali is the Iron who is in the snow.
Rezakhlikhan Hedayat, in the book of the culture of the Nazarene Society, says about the root of the city's name: "Bukhan is the name of the bastard in the province of Savojbolagh Makary [note 1], which says that it has good weather, and in the proof of the meaning of Golzar, and if so, it will be Arabic cuff And Bochan means "Khan smells good".
historical background
The historical aspect of the city of Bokan, although it has no history, but according to archaeological discoveries dating back to 1350, which was registered by the Ministry of Culture of the time, it turns out that there was an avidity three thousand years ago. Referring to the 31 items of ancient artifacts Buccane and its surroundings, as well as the existence of crushed and well-groomed caves in the suburbs of these regions, can be found. Bukkan is also considered to be the fortress of the Parthians and Sassanians, since gray hills represent Zoroastrian temples. According to the investigations carried out in the wake of the emergence Cities turn out to be the Middle East, and especially the regions This Jz’khn the civilizations that history, cities are found to have the same current city Buchanan According to Qragyry within the geographical as well as the existence of dozens of buildings, hills Vsayt history in and around the oldest places that have a history of urbanization is. Bokan has been a mosque for more than 51 years, and has been a history of Mahabad (Saw Jabalagh Makareri). Therefore, this historic history of the city should be partly studied in Mahabad's history. What proves this claim is the excavations carried out during the recent decades in the ancient Bukan hills, including the Kalaji Hill, Sardar Bokan Castle, Qala in the Kaltapeh neighborhood, Abbas Abad Castle, the Cave, and so on.
Before Islam, the city was about 3000 years ago under the name of Izister, the capital of the Mannayan civilization. Due to the lack of museums and facilities in the city, the work of this civilization has been limited to a few. Some examples of its traces have been found in museum museums such as Tokyo Museum and Orumieh Museum. This civilization has been inhabited in the northwest Kurdish regions of Iran. The magnificent manna art of elegance and the indescribable beauty is unmatched in contemporary civilizations. Their famous artifacts are glazed bricks. Color-coded bricks, whose designs have remained almost healthy for about 3000 years. A very beautiful example of these bricks is found in the Tokyo Oriental Museum.
Qajar Bukkan during the Naseroddin Shah Abadi period was not small, so that the number of households did not exceed 14 households. Namely, the village has about 120 inhabitants. During this period, various tribes in the Mukrian region live and ruled over the ruins of the surrounding
The mosque is located near the city and near the hamamian village. The mosque was built and built in the years 1328 and before the First World War, the founder of the late "Mahmud Aqa Ilkhanizadeh" and its architect, "Maragheh Memarabashi" O ". The mosque of Babolan is a square and single-dome with carcasses of stone carvings and quadrangle bricks in a body and a dome covered with two layers of special elegance. After the construction of the mosque, units were constructed under the name of the school attached to the mosque building.
Shahrookan - Sardar castle related to 1300, as well as the headquarters of Sardaraziz Khan and Saif al-Din Khanqas Sardari is one of the most famous places in Bukan. Historically, most of the people of this city were historic in history, this historic place of headquarters is Makari, Azizkhan and Seif Al-Din Khan. By the time of the Revolution in Iran, around 1357 and 1358, the castle was destroyed, and finally completely destroyed in 1389.
The tibetan Tibetan castle from the first millennium BC is now under the village of the same name near Buchanan. Works such as rocky terraces with semicircular towers, rocky steps, houses, rocky tombs, and ... are seen above the Tibetan mountain.
Monuments
The castle is dash, the old mill, the castle of Ghareh Khan, the house of the house, the old cemetery of Qajar (1st and 2nd millennium BC), Abbas Abad Castle (Sassanid), Oghlam castle, Samaghan castle, Chavchin castle, old dam (Qurmish) Ali Qad (Safavieh), Bugha castle, Amir Abad castle, Kani Glass cemetery, Dome of Sardar, Khorasan Cemetery, Sheikhlo Cemetery, Dasha Cemetery, Sufficient Museum Cemetery, Bokan Mosque
Some like tourism
North of the city of Bukan over Kiwi Rish in summer 2012
View of the Kiohra Resh Bokanhar Qa'aliyah Cave of the Village of Qalajechi near Bukan
Bukan Dam
Kulabad Cave between Bokan and Miandoab
Ivan Sanghi Village of Aghivan
Quran cave in the village of Khorasaneh
Cuneo Couter Cave in the village of ینگджью Буккан
Stone castle of Samaghan village Farhadhtars
Sadeghabad plain
The cemetery of the commanding officers of Mecryar Eilat Makareri
Dock of the Great Water Fountain and Historic Bokan
Grand Mosque of Hammaman
The stone chambers of the village are unbelievable
Tomb of the famous Kurdish artist Hasan Zarkak
Buccane Beach Park
Koya Mohammadia Park
Cultural and Recreational Complex Kiwi Rish
Nakhchat Castle in Nakhchit Bukan Village
Sardar Bokan Castle
The hill in the village of Malahar Bokan related to the calcotary period
Seyyed Jamaludin cave
Historical stones are noble
Hassan Zirak "The most famous artist in the musical genre of all the Kurds" [45] Hasan Zirak; A person is in all respects a creative and inexhaustible stature throughout Kurdistan's history. He is the one who, without any knowledge of his literacy, is capable of retaining his time He has more than a dozen pieces of poetry, and most of his works are inspired by inspiration, according to narratives of his family and mythologists such as Shahram Nazeri, a traditional Iranian music artist, this statement has been proven. An observer writes about him:
As for the late Hassan Zirk, in general, I can only say that a man was a genius in the real sense. That is, at the very moment he entered the orchestra of radio and went to the recording room, he also wrote poetry, singing and singing, which so far had not been the case in music "
He was the only person not present at any time in any political group or faction, but has been arrested by SAVAK for several unknown reasons in Iraq and Iran. Hassan Zirak, at the age of five, gave up his father and lived in suffering. He spent some time in the cities of Iran and Iraq. One of the cities that stayed for a long time was Kermanshah. His collaboration with the prominent artists of Kermanshah, such as Mojtaba Mirzadeh, Mohammad Abdolsamadi, Akbar Izadi, and Bahman Polkaki, created the works of beauty (which is his most prominent work). However, different and undeniable prominence of the noble goodman, yet, no There is no ceremony to revive his remembrance in Iran. But officially his songs are allowed even in the Iranian audiovisual sector. This famous music master of Kurdistan has produced over 1371 songs.
The natural and geographic features of the city of Bokan, with an area of 2541, 306 km2, cover about 6.50% of the province's surface. The city has an altitude of about 1000 to more than 2000 meters above sea level and has an average gradient of 8 percent. From the surface of the city, 30.31 percent of the mountainous terrain, 29.73 percent of the hills and 39.96 percent of the rest are plain, flood lands, and so on. Geographic coordinates are 36 degrees 32 minutes north latitude and 46 degrees and 13 minutes east longitude.
View City View
Throughout the section of the bookcase, the geographic location of the Bukan is located in the mountainous and temperate region, north of the city of Miandoab and south to the city of Saqez and to the east to Shahidjeh and west to Mahabad city and to the southwest with Sardasht and Il Gourk Gawerek is neighbors. The city center is Bukan.
Animal species The most important bean species in the city of Buccan are amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, and mammals. The species of amphibians and reptiles and fishes are mentioned in the relevant sections, but the species of mammals include: Ghowmumi, Bear, Wolf, Fox, Jackal, Roodak, Semur, Yellow and Rodents.
Sharp bird species include:
Quebec, Quebecilly, Eagles, Hawks, Bahri, Balaban, Lil, Dalieh, Pygkhad, Gurney, Dahl, Heron, White Lantern, Phoenix, Orchestra, Khutka, Philosopher, Orchestra, Anthrax, Phoenix, Kahaghaz, Pisces, Akras, Kakati, Types Marine swallows, Saree, Types of woodpeckers, Chenger, Styles and Meysamgh.
The natural and geographic features of the city of Bokan, with an area of 2541, 306 km2, cover about 6.50% of the province's surface. The city has an altitude of about 1000 to more than 2000 meters above sea level and has an average gradient of 8 percent. From the surface of the city, 30.31 percent of the mountainous terrain, 29.73 percent of the hills and 39.96 percent of the rest are plain, flood lands, and so on. Geographic coordinates are 36 degrees 32 minutes north latitude and 46 degrees and 13 minutes east longitude.
View City View
Throughout the section of the bookcase, the geographic location of the Bukan is located in the mountainous and temperate region, north of the city of Miandoab and south to the city of Saqez and to the east to Shahidjeh and west to Mahabad city and to the southwest with Sardasht and Il Gourk Gawerek is neighbors. The city center is Bukan.
Animal species The most important bean species in the city of Buccan are amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, and mammals. The species of amphibians and reptiles and fishes are mentioned in the relevant sections, but the species of mammals include: Ghowmumi, Bear, Wolf, Fox, Jackal, Roodak, Semur, Yellow and Rodents.
Sharp bird species include:
Quebec, Quebecilly, Eagles, Hawks, Bahri, Balaban, Lil, Dalieh, Pygkhad, Gurney, Dahl, Heron, White Lantern, Phoenix, Orchestra, Khutka, Philosopher, Orchestra, Anthrax, Phoenix, Kahaghaz, Pisces, Akras, Kakati, Types Marine swallows, Saree, Types of woodpeckers, Chenger, Styles and Meysamgh.
The ewes of the chicken-eater, Naderi, Meyshemgar, lives in the plains of Suta and Thakhanyans and lives in this region, and is seen in all seasons and has a sensitive stage of laying in this area, and a significant number of them are about 150 pieces in this city, which according to the situation The region and the population increase over the past few years are remarkably protected by the environment. Birds and rabbits and different types of birds live in the city of Shabbar, Kabul and Kalam. However, the number of populations and species of aquatic birds is lower than that of Birds, and water birds are found only in the direction of the Siminhorod and Zarinhorod rivers in the city. Among the main Chirug habitats in Iran can be found the plains around Boukan (Plain of Suwat Hammian, Dasht Ingieh and Al-Bolagh, Chazlian plain and Thakhanian plain), which has the largest population of reproductive plants and wintering Mişmagh in Iran. Bukan is the last resort of this kind in Iran, and chick pea is one of the most important national works in the city of Bokan.
There are four types of salamanders in Iran: Neurergus, N.crocatus, N.kaiseri, and N.microspilotus, a Kurdish saladrian of the type N.microspilotus. The global distribution of Kurdish salamanders is limited to Iran (West and Northwest), Iraq (northeastern) and Turkey (south east) and is currently endangered and classified in the IUCN Red List. Now it is only distributed in Iran in the provinces of Kermanshah, Kurdistan (Central Zagros) and South-West Azarbaijan. The best habitat for this salamander is Bukan.
plant species
Due to the favorable position of the weather, the city of Bukan breeds and absorbs a part of the plant and animal species in the city and the city. Some plant and animal species in this city include:
Wild almond, wild hawthorn, wild pear, octopus of the west, sagradagan, gaz, wild pistachio (baneh), vargonous, variogram, parsley, hatami, farafian, sweet pepper, nettle, pomegranate, cacti, beda ghatti, chamomyor honey, yarrow, golghandam Thistle, Thistle, Thyme, Rhubarb, Chalmershun, Wildcat, Sorrel, Tulip, Gorgon, Straw, Fern, Haricot, Plantain, Chicken and ...
Human geography The urban age structure and gender The age structure of the city's population tends to be balanced. In 1375, the share of population less than 15 years old was reduced to 42%, while the share of population aged 15-64 years increased to 54.00 Percentage is reached. This has also happened in the age group 65 years and older. Admittedly, the decline in youth population density is considered a positive development. In November 1996, the population of the city was 17,541,488, and 88,930 were male and 86,611 were women, resulting in a sex ratio of 103. In other words, in the city, there were 103 males per 100 females. This ratio was for children under one year of age 103 and for adults (65 years and older) was 143. The ratios in urban areas were 104 and 123, respectively, and in rural areas 103 and 193, respectively. The population of this city was 42.00% in the age group less than 15 years old, 54.00% in the age group of 15-64 years old and 4.2% in the age group of 65 years and more. The average age of the population of the city in the year 1375 was about 22.73 and the mean age of 18.28, which is close to the province's indicators.
The settlement pattern of this city has had a relatively high urbanization rate over the course of twenty years. The urbanization rate from 45/99 percent in 1355 to 68/37 percent in 1375 was reached. In the course of twenty years, 38.22 percent has been added to urbanization. In November 1996, 29152 ordinary households lived in this city of 100 per cent in a typical residential unit. The number of cafes in the town of Boukan in 1390 amounted to 57 000 households.
Religion and religion in Abad, 1996, represent 94% of the population of the city as Muslims. This proportion is 92 percent in urban areas and 98 percent in rural areas. The people of Bukan are mostly Sunni and Shafi'i religion.
Immigration During the years 1365 to 1375, 28,916 people entered the city or moved inside the city. The former place of residence was 76/31% of the immigrants, other provinces, 24.18% of the other cities of the province, and 42.19% of the city or another village in the same city. The previous place of residence of the rest of the people has been overseas or not stated. Immigrants entered during the 10 years before the November 1996 census, based on their last residence, broken down by urban, rural and gender.
In November 1996, 149224 people aged 6 and over, 30% were literate. The ratio of literacy in the age group of 6 to 15 years old was 87.42% and in the age group of 15 years and more was 43%. Among the people in need of education (up to 15 years old), the ratio of literacy in urban areas was 95% and in rural areas was 90%. The proportion of literate people in the population of 6 years old and more in terms of major age groups in terms of sex and dwelling in this city, literacy rate was 96% among men and 15% among women. This proportion in urban areas was 27% and 56%, respectively, and 63% in rural areas and 78% respectively.
The facilities of this city are among the most important cities of Kurdistan and the region, but due to the existing potential as well as its population, there are no educational, cultural and artistic facilities. These deficiencies have made it one of the Kurdish metropolitan areas.
Bouquan cuffs made of bacchanal beef knitting in traditional style in back and side sizes and in the designs of 3 Barnaghat-Herat-and other Kurdish designs of Afshar and ... Bukan carpet designs are the same as most abstract Kurdish carpets. Patterns in woven fabrics They are inspired directly from natural factors such as mountains, rods, trees, fire and .... The colors used in them are the same bright colors of Kurdish regions. But nowadays carpet production with urban and battalion maps has also been used in this city.
Like other Sunnis who are bound to pray on a special fireplace to provide worship for the worship of the place, Boukan's people are also engaged in the production of various types of Jajim and Glam, with simple designs or special designs (like altar designs). This handwoven is due to a small amount And the stinker is easily portable by the prayer leader. Sajjad's texture is usually made of self-made wool, and often white wool is black and brown, hence it is full or brown, or has a white background with dark designs.
Weaving fabrics, because of the interest of Kurdish relatives to maintain their traditional traditions and customs and to adhere to the particular cultural identity they are endorsed, is the production of a special cloth fabric, called "Buozo", which is commonly used by weaving machines. The method is that The master of the work after receiving the wool and getting orders for stamping and screwdriver yarn yarns and according to the order of the product and the type of tissue used from different shoulders, then by moving the Maku with the help of hands Inside it, the masur contains fibrous threads and the use of the leg to cause the involvement of the wool yarn and the tissue of the tissue. That have a width of 20 to 65 cm is different looms. A width of 20 centimeters is more common for the fabric of standard costumes, and an average of 22 meters is made of homemade dresses. In some cases, a turquoise is also produced for the manufacture of mosquito nets, which is much more delicate than ordinary fabric.
source : seeiran.ir
